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Redis is a kind of data structure storage and is used as a message broker, key-value database, and also cache system. It is written in C language and supports a large amount of data types like strings, lists, hashes, and many others. Here, we are going to analyze this applicable data store and learn 2 ways to install Redis on Ubuntu 22.04.

Steps to Install Redis on Ubuntu 22.04

Installing Redis is an easy process that may take just a few minutes. But first, you should prepare some requirements.

Prerequisites

– A Linux VPS with Ubuntu 22.04 OS

– A root user or non-root user with sudo privileges

1- Updating system packages

Before you start the installation part, your system should be up to date. So, use the following command:

sudo apt update

2- Adding PPA repository

This section will show how you can add the PPA repository to the Ubuntu operating system.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:redislabs/redis

3- Installing Redis

As you add the PPA repository, use the following command to start the installation process:

sudo apt-get install redis

4- checking the version of Redis

If you desire to see the version of the installed Redis, you can run the following command:

redis-server -v

After the installation, It’s time to do the configuration part.

Configuring Redis on Ubuntu 22.04

Here, you can use step-by-step instructions to Configure Redis on your Ubuntu system.

1- Enabling Redis on Ubuntu

If you want to configure Redis, first of all, you should enable the Redis service by running the following command:

sudo systemctl enable --now redis-server

2- Opening the Configuration File

In this section, you should open the Redis configuration file in your desired editor to make changes:

Tip: Here, we will use nano editor.

Sudo nano/etc/redis/redis.conf

Here is what the configuration file looks like:

Now, you should find the Bind address line (127.0.0.1) and replace it with the (Bind 0.0.0.0):

You will need a password for the configuration part which must be specified with the “Requirepass” attribute. Then hit the Ctrl+O keys to apply the changes and return to the terminal:

3- Restarting the Redis

In this section, you can use the command below to restart the Redis:

sudo systemctl restart redis-server

4- Verifying Redis IP and Port

Use the command below to check the IP and Port number which is used by this service:

ss -tunelp | grep 6379

Tip: To have a TCP connection you can use port: (6379)

sudo ufw allow 6379/tcp

5- Testing Redis Server

Run the related command to test the Redis server and connect locally:

redis-cli

Now, you should run the “AUTH” command and specify the password you set in the configuration part:

AUTH specify_the_password

For a stable connection and positive output (Ok), you should enter the correct password.

6- Checking the Redis Info

Use the Info command to get detailed information about Redis:

INF0

You can use the ping command to ping the Redis:

ping

7- How to exit Redis

To exit Redis, use the “quit” command:

quit

Uninstalling Redis on Ubuntu 22.04

If you decide to uninstall Redis from your Ubuntu operating system, you can run the following command:

sudo apt remove --autoremove redis-server -y

This method was the best and easiest way to install and use Redis on Ubuntu OS.

Conclusion

You can install Redis on any server. But here we decided to focus on the Ubuntu operating system. Here, you learned how to install Redis on Ubuntu 22.04. We thought about the way of installation and configuration of this service. Also, we showed how you can uninstall Redis. Hope you enjoyed this article.

FAQ

Have you ever heard of Thumbor? This practical application has many features such as resizing, applying various features, and flipping images. The advantage of this tool is its ease of use because users only need to access the URL of the Thumbor service to make changes to images. In this article, we decided to introduce you to a Top Way to Setup Thumbor on Ubuntu 20.04.

What is Thumbor?

As we mentioned in the introduction, Thumbor is a smart imaging service that cuts, resizes, and flips images based on your taste and desire. This tool uses advanced face recognition algorithms to determine the important points of images for better cropping and resizing. In fact, Thumbor is an Http service and is provided as a free and open-source service.

Install and Setup Thumbor on Ubuntu 20.04

Now that you are somewhat familiar with the Thumbor service, let’s learn how to install and configure it, which is explained step-by-step in this section.

Prerequisites

To install Thumbor you have to prepare some requirements:

– A Linux VPS with Ubuntu 20.04 OS

– Update the operating system

– A non-root user with sudo privileges and login with ssh

How to Install Thumbor on Ubuntu

We have to mention that Thumbor is a Python service but you can use it for Ubuntu. So, use the apt command to install Thumbor on Ubuntu 20.04 and follow the instructions below to start the process:

– The first step is Updating the package information:

sudo apt update

– Use the following command to do the installation of Python virtual environment library:

sudo apt install python3-venv -y

– Then you should install the Thumbor dependencies:

sudo apt install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libcairo2-dev libjpeg-progs gifsicle ffmpeg -y

– To create a virtual environment use the below command:

python3 -m venv thumbor-venv

– Run the command below for activating the virtual command:

source thumbor-venv/bin/activate

– Now, you can use this command to install Thumbor:

(thumbor-venv) $ pip install thumbor[all]

If you want to check the status of dependencies, follow the command below:

(thumbor-venv) $ thumbor-Doctor

After the installation of Thumbor, you will see that all plugins and compiled libraries support this service.

How to Start Thumbor

In the Thumbor launch section, you should run the related command in the virtual environment:

(thumbor-venv) $ thumbor

Now, the application will run in your system’s foreground, on port 8888.

Using Thumbor is very easy through URL. So that, if you have an image and you want to resize or apply a filter, the location will be like this:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Acorus_calamus1.jpg

This is how you can pass an image to Thumbor through a URL.

If you want to open another ssh session on your server, you can access the image through the URL:

$ wget http://localhost:8888/unsafe/300x200/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Acorus_calamus1.jpg -O small_pic.jpg

If you close the SSL session, the Thumbor command will die, and if you want to prevent that, run it in the background with screen or tmux.

The common way to run Thumbor is to run this service with supervisors or systems.

You can use another port for Thumbor. Run it on port 80 using sudo permission. The point is that this solution runs Thumbor outside of the Python virtual environment.

To deactivate the Thumbor command use Ctrl+C and deactivate Python virtual environment:

(thumbor-venv) $ deactivate

Now, run Thumbor with the full pass:

sudo thumbor-venv/bin/thumbor -p 80

Then use the command below to make sure that port 80 has been opened to the public:

sudo /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT 

Use a browser to insert the URL and access Thumbor:

http://your_server_ip_address/unsafe/300x200/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Acorus_calamus1.jpg.

Then, make sure you access the server with the HTTP protocol, and as the final step replace your_server_ip_address with your real IP address or domain.

An Example of Thumbor Usage

For example, if you want to flip an image using a URL, you would do it like this:

http://your_server_ip_address/unsafe/-300x-200/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Acorus_calamus1.jpg.

The -300 part will make the image flip horizontally and the -200 part means you flipped vertically.

If you want to configure and launch Thumbor, then you should kill it and start with the configuration file.

Configure Thumbor on Ubuntu

Use a configuration file to configure the behaviors of the Thumbor. The first step is creating a sample configuration file:

thumbor-venv/bin/thumbor-config > thumbor_sample.conf

The configuration file is full of comments:

################################### Logging ####################################

## Logging configuration as json

## Defaults to: None

#THUMBOR_LOG_CONFIG = None


## Log Format to be used by thumbor when writing log messages.

## Defaults to: '%(asctime)s %(name)s:%(levelname)s %(message)s'

#THUMBOR_LOG_FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(name)s:%(levelname)s %(message)s'



## Date Format to be used by thumbor when writing log messages.

## Defaults to: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

#THUMBOR_LOG_DATE_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

################################################################################

################################### Imaging ####################################

## Max width in pixels for images read or generated by thumbor

## Defaults to: 0

#MAX_WIDTH = 0
...
## Result Storage that will be used with the compatibility layer, instead of the

## compatibility result storage. Please only use this if you can't use up-to-

## date result storages.

## Defaults to: None

#COMPATIBILITY_LEGACY_RESULT_STORAGE = None

Using the command below, you can edit the setting. Here, uncomment MAX_WIDTH set it like this:

MAX_WIDTH = 100

This action will show that you set the maximum width of the image that is allowed to be read.

Use the configuration file to run the Thumbor command:

sudo thumbor-venv/bin/thumbor -p 80 -c thumbor_sample.conf

In the following URL, you will see that the width of your image is much smaller than the height:

Open this URL, http://your_server_ip_address/unsafe/400x400/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Acorus_calamus1.jpg.

To edit the configuration file, kill the Thumbor again. Now, you should uncomment FILE_STORAGE_ROOT_PATH and set it like this:

FILE_STORAGE_ROOT_PATH = '/tmp/storage'

Then use the configuration file and run Thumbor again and open the related URL:

http://your_server_ip_address/unsafe/400x400/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Acorus_calamus1.jpg.

Here, do the same action again and kill the Thumbor. Thumbor will save your image in the /tmp/storage directory:

ls /tmp/storage

Now that you installed and configured Thumbor successfully, you can edit your images so easily. Enjoy the service.

Conclusion

By reading this content, you learned how to install and Setup Thumbor on Ubuntu 20.04. Thumbor is created for Python environments but you can use it on old Ubuntu versions. We hope you enjoyed this article. For any questions, just leave a comment below.

FAQ

DNS or Domain Name System is a type of network service that every Linux administrator should be familiar with. This internet service acts like a phone book that resolves IP addresses like 192.168.1.1 to FQDNs (Fully Qualified Domain Names). Read the following article carefully to find out how to configure the DNS server on Ubuntu 22.04.

Steps to Configure DNS Server on Ubuntu

In order to make the configuration of the DNS server on Ubuntu 22.04, the first action is to install this server. Therefore, we recommend you choose the plan you need with the Ubuntu operating system from our Linux VPS server plans. We will use Bind DNS for this reason. Bind is a software that is open-source, scalable, and full-featured software suited for DNS services.

The desired Environment

First of all, you should create a DNS domain for your site. (e.g. neuronvm.local)

– Neuronvm.local is the domain name

– ns.neuronvm.local is the DNS server name

– The IP address is 192.168.1.1

Tip 1: Here, the used IP address is just an example.

Tip 2: Make sure that your DNS server has a static IP address.

Installing DNS Server on Ubuntu 22.04

In this part, you will learn how to install a DNS server using Bind software. But first, you need to update your system using the following command:

sudo apt update

In this example, the package name is Bind9 and it is accessible in your base OS repository. Now, to update your system use the apt command below:

sudo apt install -y bind9 bind9-utils

The installation part was easy and simple.

Configuring the DNS Server

The next part of your process is to make the configuration part. For this reason, you can use the /etc/bind/ directory that will hold configuration files and zone files. Also, /etc/bind/named.conf is the global configuration file for the DNS server.

Creating Zones

You can apply the /etc/bind/named.conf.local directory and replace it with the global configuration file to create zones.

Here, we will show with the related command, how you can do this process:

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Create Forward Zone

We will use the domain neuronvm.local for forward zone entry in the file named.conf.local. The role of this forward zone is to translate a fully qualified domain name into an IP address:

zone "neuronvm.local" IN { // Domain name
type master;
file "/etc/bind/neuronvm.local.db"; // Forward Zone file
allow-update { none; }; // Since this is the primary DNS, it should be none.
};

Create Reverse Zone

For the creation of a reverse name resolution zone in the named.conf.local file, you should go through the command below:

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { // Reverse lookup name, should match your network in reverse order
type master;
file "/etc/bind/r.neuronvm.local.db"; // Reverse lookup file
allow-update { none; }; // Since this is the primary DNS, it should be none.
};

Create Zone Files

Now you should create zone files for your forward and reverse DNS zones.

– To create a forward DNS zone file /etc/bind/neuronvm.local.db, use the following command:

sudo nano /etc/bind/neuronvm.local.db

The record types :

SOA is the start of authority.

NS is the name server.

A is A record.

MX is mail for exchange.

CN is a canonical name.

Tip 1: Pay attention that domain names have to be ended with a dot (.).

Tip 2: As you want to change any record in your zone file, you should update the serial number of +1with the current number.

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.neuronvm.local.root.neuronvm.local.
200101 ; Serial
21600 ; Refresh
3600 ;
604800 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
;Name Server Information
@ IN NS ns.neuronvm.local.
;IP address of Name Server
ns IN A 192.168.0.10
;Mail Exchanger
@ IN MX 10 mail.neuronvm.local.
;A – Record HostName To IP Address
www IN A 192.168.0.101
mail IN A 192.168.0.102
;CNAME record
ftp IN CNAME www.neuronvm.local.

– Now, for the creation of reverse DNS zone file /etc/bind/r.neuronvm.local.db, run this command:

sudo nano /etc/bind/r.neuronvm.local.db

Update the parts which are shown below:

PTR is the pointer.

SOA is the start of authority.

Tip 3: As you want to change any records in the lookup file, you should update the serial number +1 with the current number.

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.neuronvm.local.root.neuronvm.local.
200101 ; Serial
21600 ; Refresh
3600 ;
604800 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
;Name Server Information
@ IN NS ns.neuronvm.local.
;Reverse lookup for Name Server
10 IN PTR ns.neuronvm.local.
;PTR Record IP address to HostName
101 IN PTR www.neuronvm.local.
102 IN PTR mail.neuronvm.local.

DNS Server Validation

For checking any errors in the syntax of the DNS configuration file, apply this command:

sudo named-checkconf

If no error occurred, the command will return to the shell.

Validation of Forward Zone

Use the command below to check the validation of the forward zone:

sudo named-checkzone neuronvm.local /etc/bind/neuronvm.local.db

Validation of Reverse Zone

Use the following command, to check the validation of the reverse zone:

sudo named-checkzone 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa /etc/bind/r.neuronvm.local.db

As the final step, you can reload both of the file zones. Also, you can use this command when you are willing to change the zone and zone file.

sudo rndc reload

Verifying DNS Server

If you want to verify the DNS server, you should run the dig command by looking up records.

dig www.neuronvm.local @192.168.1.1

For confirmation go through this way:

dig -x 192.168.1.11 @192.168.1.1

And at the end, you will be able to confirm that both lookup and reverse zones are working well.

Conclusion

By reading this article, you learned how you can install a DNS server on the Ubuntu operating system. Also, you learned how to create DNS and file zones and the way to confirm and verify both lookup and reverse zones. We hope you enjoy this tutorial.

FAQ

This article will help you to install Xubuntu on Vmware workstation. We recommend Xubuntu because of its impressive benefits. This beautiful operating system can be used as a free distribution and is fast. Also, using the Xfce desktop environment is a significant advantage for Xubuntu. So, follow this article to find out how you can setup Xubuntu on Vmware.

What Is Xubuntu?

Xubuntu is a derivation of the Ubuntu operating system provided by Canonical Ltd company. The name Xubuntu is a combination of Xfce and Ubuntu. This distribution tries to provide a stable, customizable, and lightweight desktop environment using Xfce and also, is intended for both beginners and professional users.

Steps to Setup Xubuntu on Vmware

After a short explanation about Xubuntu distribution, let’s see how we can set it up on Vmware workstation through a step-by-step guide prepared for you. After purchasing a Linux VPS server from NeuronVM, you can test this training on it and enjoy it.

1- Downloading Xubuntu

This step is straightforward. Just go to the official page and download Xubuntu. It is recommended to use a torrent file because it’s flexible or uses the iso image file under the Mirror Downloads section. you should choose the closest location:

– Then go to the downloads folder and find the image file. Probably, the file name starts with Xubuntu and is an iso file

– Now you can start the installation process. open the Vmware workstation but if you don’t have it on your system you can download it from the official page.

2- Creating a Virtual Machine on Vmware

– To start the process of installing Xubuntu, Open the Vmware workstation and click on Create a new virtual machine on your home screen or you can go through this pass: File > New Virtual Machine. Also, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+N.

– In this section, you will start the Vmware virtual machine Wizard. As soon as you see the welcome window of the wizard, you can do the configuration. Custom is a more advanced setting, so, the only thing you have to do is select the Typical option which is checked in default mode. Enter Next to continue:

– In the next step, you should browse the downloaded iso image file and click Next:

– Here, you should enter your virtual machines Name, Username, and Password:

– Then, specify your VMs name in the dialog box or leave it as the default. Also, you can accept the default location. Your folders name will be the same as your VM file name:

– It is time to determine the Disk Space capacity. The default amount is 20 GB. We should mention that if you are not using heavy applications like Photoshop, this amount will be enough. Mark the Split Virtual Disk into Multiple Files option and go to the next part:

– This is the final dialog box. Here, you can see the details of your setup. The only thing to do is click on the Finish button:

– Now power on a virtual machine to start and Vmware will start automatically:

3- Setting up Xubuntu

– After an automatic reboot, you should enter the Username and Password:

###

– Vmware tools will install automatically. If you see the VM > Reinstall Vmware tools then You have already installed them. To check the status, use the command below:

vmware-toolbox-cmd -v

If you notice the version number, you have installed the Vmware tools. If not, go through this pass VM > Install VMware tools and restart the system:

Now, you can see the Xubuntu desktop on full scream. If you can not see the full-screen mode, then you should restart your system:

Conclusion

Xubuntu is an easy-to-use, great operating system that is derived from Ubuntu. This article can be a helpful guide to show the way to setup Xubuntu on Vmware. We tried to teach how you can download and install it on Vmware and how you can create a virtual machine to start your task. Hope you enjoyed the content. If you have any questions or ideas, just leave a comment.

FAQ