Tag: Web Hosting

The database is one of the main and most important elements that every software element needs to work. A website, a simple mobile application, an operating system, or an accounting application that is supposed to work with specific data, content, or information needs a database to store this information in a systematic classification for use in the application. MariaDB is one of these databases that we are going to fully review in this article and tell you the Top 10 Benefits of Using MariaDB for Your Database.

What is MariaDB?

MariaDB is a professional database that can fully cover your database needs. Many big names in the world of software and the internet have changed their process and addressed the users of this robust database. MariaDB is a well-rooted database that has evolved from one of the most powerful databases out there.

This database started its work in early 2008. Compared to other database programs and platforms that exist, MariaDB can be considered a new program. Of course, other platforms have been presented after this platform and have made good progress, but MariaDB, using MYSQL foundations, was able to make good progress and gain the attention of many programmers. We suggest you visit the Linux VPS server plans provided on our website and don’t miss the exceptional opportunity to have a powerful and high-speed server.

Top 10 Advantages of MariaDB for Database

1) Security measures

Security is a major concern for any website owner. Hacking attempts are increasing every year and a breach can have serious consequences. Consequently, it is important to ensure that your database management software is properly secured.

MariaDB security measures include:

• Built-in security checks and passwords
• PAM and LDAP authentication
• User role
• Database encryption

Another unique point of MariaDB is its RBAC role-based access control. This feature has been introduced since version 10.0.5 and makes access management easier.

2) Fast and Efficient Performance

The performance of your site is very important. Especially when the site’s loading speed drops. For example, most users expect a website to load in less than two seconds. Failure to achieve this time can lead to an increase in the bounce rate.

MariaDB considers engine-independent table statistics when optimizing queries. The MariaDB-based website also offers a range of useful resources on how to further optimize performance, as well as performance strategies, for various data representations. This includes system variables, buffers, stores, threads, performance improvements in database type, and encryption technology. This means that MariaDB is much less likely to negatively impact your site’s page speed.

3) Proper Support

Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, there will likely be times when you need extra support. Those licensed to dedicated MySQL products have access to Oracle Premier Support, which provides 24/7 assistance. MariaDB support is the same but has some additional features, such as a guaranteed response within 30 minutes! The continued use of this platform by these companies can be another reason for the importance of using MariaDB.

4) Storage Engines

Storage engines have been well developed in MariaDB and can provide new features to users. XtraDB and Aria can be mentioned among the mentioned storage engines.

5) Database Views

One of the main things that has been optimized is database views. A database view shows the information that will be provided to the user in the form of a virtual table based on the user’s request from the database. This virtual table can have related columns, each of which is in a separate table. Likewise, it may also collect different records and provide the user with a query answer at once.

6) Virtual Columns

Virtual columns can consider one of the great innovations for MariaDB, which greatly reduced the computational load of various programs. At the end of the tables of this database, a virtual column that does not belong to the database and is located in software and virtual form is created. This column will be able to perform mathematical operations and formulas that are requested from it on different rows of the application table and save it.

With this, it is no longer necessary to extract information from the tables in the program source and perform calculations on them. The program simply accesses that column and reads the necessary calculated information from it. If the calculation is done in the program, the system resources are consumed, and the execution time increases. This makes the database a little bigger, but the system resources are used more optimally.

7) Column Store

Columnar storage is one of the features built into MariaDB. By using this possibility, you can store the desired data in column form. This is in stark contrast to previous methods where data was stored in rows. In row storage, a lot of volume and time was spent due to the different data of each column. But this work has made it possible to use compressions and different techniques to increase the speed, and it can be very useful for big data as well as in the topic of Big Data.

8) MyRocks Support

MyRocks offers a database system (RockDB), which can considering the best in data compression. By using the MyRocks engine, you will have the ability to take advantage of the compression features of this database. It is also possible to move data between these two databases and change the basis of your database without making any changes.

9) Thread Pooling

Thread Pooling was created exclusively for MariaDB. This feature completely revolutionized the way databases work, allowing each access to the database to have a thread. This feature gives the database a special account that handles data requests with pooling software techniques. In this technique, a section named Pool is created, which acts like a list, and all requests are placed in it. Then the database elements manage and respond to these requests with different and sometimes multiple threads.

With this, your database will be able to respond to queries and requests for information faster. This feature provided by MariaDB has been expanding and many databases are leaning towards it.

10) Implementation and Authorization

This software runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems. It is available on Intel and IBM Power8 hardware platforms and runs as a service on multiple cloud platforms. Supported programming languages include C++, C#, Java, Python, and others. MariaDB Galera’s Linux-based cluster implementation has also been developed to provide a concurrent multi-master cluster option for MariaDB users. However, the API that connects the database to Galera Cluster, another open-source technology, starts in MariaDB by default, eliminating the need to load a separate cluster.

Conclusion

MariaDB is one of the reliable platforms that has proven itself in practice according to the comments and reviews we have done. Perhaps these introduced benefits are so tempting that you have thought of building your site’s database or the application you are planning to build on MariaDB and use it.

FAQ

You probably heard about Domain Name Servers (DNS) before. DNS servers are used to translate human-readable domain names to machine IP addresses. Using DNS you don’t need to insert long numbers when you are going to enter a website. Instead, you can use domain names like example.com and be directed straight to your destination website. Now, this article considers analyzing the role of DNS servers in website performance and speed, so keep reading to get more.

What is DNS Server?

DNS works like a kind of internet phone book and is an identifier for your website. This means that users can quickly access their desired online information and website through a domain name like neuronvm.com. The role of DNS is to translate domain names to IP addresses so that browsers can load Internet resources correctly. A unique IP address is allocated to every device connected to the internet and is the identification of the device. We recommend you use the cheap dedicated server plans offered on our website to set up your own DNS server.

Explanation of IP Address

An IP address is a set of numbers that characterize devices connected to the Internet. All internet devices from smartphones to tablets and routers have a dedicated IP. These IP addresses allow computers to communicate with other computers. The structure of the IP address can be expressed with an example: 192.168.1.1 is an example of an IP address. This code contains information about your computer’s location and provider information.

The Effect of DNS Servers on the Speed and Performance of the Website

DNS servers affect your website in various aspects. If we want to mention two of them, we can mention the speed and performance of the website.

The Role of DNS Servers on Website Speed

DNS is not directly related to your internet speed, but since it causes identification and direct connection with the target website, it can affect the speed of displaying a web page on your computer. Also, modifying the router’s DNS servers can help improve your overall speed. There are many programs and machines available to help you find the best server for your router.

One of the most effective tools for finding IP addresses is DNS Lookup. The process is that the browser must first find the appropriate IP address to display the relevant website. For example, if you type the domain name neuronvm.com and press enter, it will operate to find the IP address associated with the domain name and connect to the website:

DNS servers are provided in different types such as recursive DNS servers, TLD name servers, Root DNS servers, and authoritative DNS servers. These servers work together to fix domain names into IP addresses.

Ways to Decrease the Effect of DNS Servers on Website Speed

DNS servers are responsible for domain name resolution and the speed of this process affects the loading time, so to speed up this task you can choose a reliable high-performing authoritative DNS server provider. These servers are the only type of server that you have the option to go with your preferred provider. But the root and TLD servers do not give you this possibility. So, to increase the speed of website DNS resolution, you should choose a reliable and fast authoritative server provider. Note that a valid DNS Server provider is different from a web hosting provider. In web hosting, you store the contents or data of your website, but in DNS hosting, domain DNS records are stored.

Another way to reduce the effect of DNS servers is to use DNS cache. Of course, if the IP is already stored, the effect of the DNS servers will not matter, because the browser does not have to wait for the IP address to be delivered by the valid server. So always go with a reliable server to ensure fast DNS resolution speed. Of course, if the IP is already stored, the effect of the DNS servers will not matter, because the browser does not have to wait for the IP address to be delivered by the valid server. So always go with a reliable authoritative server to ensure fast DNS resolution speed.

In using authoritative DNS servers, you can use different providers. But this choice will be different according to your circumstances. For example, if convenience is important to you and you don’t want to deal with record keeping, you can use your web hosting provider. But if you focus on DNS resolution speed, Cloudflare will be a good choice.

The Role of DNS Server on Website Performance

Regarding the performance of the website, suppose you have a website that works slowly, and you have no idea about the reason because the hardware and CPU configuration of the system is suitable and you have high-speed RAM. Also, all code and programs are optimized but website pages still take time to load.

After a lot of searching and debugging, you realize that the problem is with the website’s TTFP. Another reason for this problem can be your DNS resolution time, i.e. it takes time to convert the domain name to IP address. During the process of website performance testing, your business may suffer and a lot of time will be spent to find the reason for this slowness. So we must know what the domain name system is and what its role is:

DNS servers in website performance

Important Factors to Improve Website Performance

Here are some factors to consider if you want to improve your website performance:

Not using low TTL

A shorter TTL makes the user’s machine request again for the domain faster. You can use the high TTLs to make sure that the information is stored locally in the DNS ISP and the user’s computer and affects multiple users.

Backup plan

It is good to have a backup plan, even if you use a big DNS management company.

Unreliable Registered

If you want to build the next page with 100K hits in a second, you have to be sure that your DNS server can handle the load or assign your NS record to anyone with reliability.

Capacity

You need to make sure of the capacity of your servers because if you want to receive a lot of requests, you need to have a lot of capacity or let someone else handle your DNS.

Conclusion

DNS is an important issue in the field of websites. These servers have an important role in identifying websites and as told before they act as a phonebook. This article tried to focus on DNS servers and their impact on the website’s performance and speed. Also, we tried to analyze each of them and explain how they can affect the website. We hope you enjoy this article.

FAQ

Varnish Cache can act as an intermediary between the server and users. In such a way that it receives user requests and instead of sending the request to the server, it returns the corresponding web page from the cache memory to the user. Due to the application and importance of this issue, we decided to teach you how to set up Varnish Cache for Your Website after introducing you to Varnish Cache.

What is Varnish Cache?

Varnish Cache is a type of cache system that is used to accelerate website pages. This system receives website requests from users’ browsers and sends them to core or edge servers for processing. Then, the response to the request is stored in the cache memory and delivered to the users at a higher speed. This method improves the performance and loading speed of web pages.

If a similar request is sent to the website, Varnish Cache compares the new request with the previous request and returns the processing result from its cache memory to the user in case of similarity.

Another feature of Varnish Cache is the management of website user requests. If the user needs to display certain information from the website, it is possible to store the information related to the user in the cache using Varnish Cache. Therefore, whenever a new request is sent by him, the response will be sent to the user quickly from the cache memory.

Regarding the use of Varnish cache, it should be noted that this system is not effective by default for content that has an expiration time. In this case, this problem should be solved by using TTL in cache varnish.

Varnish Cache can also be useful for websites in terms of security. It will give attackers less opportunity to attack the main server infrastructure and protect your site from DDoS attacks. We suggest you use the Windows VPS server plans provided on our website to run your website.

Features of Varnish Cache

• Speed

• Savings

• Scalability

• Protection Against Outages

• Flexibility

• Experience

Use and Configuration of Varnish Cache

Varnish Cache is located on the server side and is deployed as a software module among the server layers. This software is designed using C language and can be installed on different operating systems.

In order to activate the Varnish cache for the website, we must place it as a layer between the server and the browser. If the content of the request is available in Varnish’s cache, Varnish will respond directly to the browser. Otherwise, the request is sent to the main server and after receiving the response, it is stored in the Varnish cache. With this, the page load time is reducing and the server load is also reducing.

To install and configure Varnish Cache for your website:

1- First, install the Varnish software.

To install Varnish on the Linux operating system, you can use the software repositories available on the operating system. There is also software available to install Varnish on Windows and Mac.

2- Find and open the Varnish configuration file in /etc/varnish/ or /usr/local/etc/varnish/ (depending on the operating system and Varnish version).

3- In this configuration file, specify the port number of Apache or Nginx where your web server works. For example, if your web server is running on port 80, change the port number to 8080.

4- Allocate some system memory to Varnish Cache. This value should be greater than the volume of web server responses. Usually, 20 to 30% of the total system memory is considering cache memory.

5- Launch Varnish Cache by running the following command:

sudo service varnish start

6- Now you can connect your web server to Varnish Cache so that its responses are storing as a cache in Varnish Cache. To do this, you need to specify the Varnish port number as the web server port in your web server configuration file.

Functional Codes for Varnish Cache Management

Some useful code for Varnish Cache is listed below:

vcl_recv: This code is executed when a request is received. By using this code, you can make changes to the received requests.

vcl_backend_response: This code is executed when receiving a response from the Backend.

vcl_deliver: This code is executed when the response is sent to the user. You can use it to deliver responses that have been manually modified.

vcl_miss: This code is executed when a request is missed with the cache key.

vcl_pass: This code is executed when a request is completely sent to the backend. Using this code, you can also edit the operation before sending the response.

vcl_pipe: This code is executed when a request is sent as a pipeline.

How to Install and Setup Varnish Cache for Your Website

First, you need to disable the Varnish version in the default repository by running the following command:

sudo dnf module disable varnish -y

In the next step, you need to install the EPEL repository using the following command:

sudo dnf install epel-release -y

Now it’s time to download and install Varnish Cache by running the following commands:

wget https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/varnishcache/varnish70/script.rpm.sh

sudo bash script.rpm.sh

sudo dnf install varnish -y

Finally, you can enable the varnish cache by running the following command:

sudo systemctl enable --now varnish

Open the Varnish configuration file using the following command:

sudo nano /usr/lib/systemd/system/varnish.service

Considering that the default port in Almalinux for Varnish is 6081, you need to search for it and change it to port 80:

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd \
-a :6081 \
-a localhost:8443,PROXY \
-p feature=+http2 \
-f /etc/varnish/default.vcl \
-s malloc,256m
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/varnishreload

Finally, you should save the configuration file and exit. Then restart Varnish Cache:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart varnish

How to Install and Configure Varnish Cache in Litespeed

To install Varnish cache in the LiteSpeed environment, you can use the following commands:

yum install varnish

Now you can start and enable Varnish Cache by running the following commands and view the installation status:

systemctl start varnish

systemctl enable varnish

systemctl status varnish

For settings in LiteSpeed, it is necessary to enter the LiteSpeed environment. To do this, click the Add button in the Varnish section from the Configuration > Server > External App menu. Then enter the following values:

Name: Varnish
Address: localhost
Port: 80
Load Balancing: No
Max Connections: 1000
Environment: production
Initial Request Timeout (secs): 60
Retry Timeout (secs): 0

Then click on the Save button to save the changes. Go to Configuration > Server > General and change the port to 8088 in the Default section.

How to Configure Varnish Cache in Apache

First, install, start, and enable Apache with the following commands:

sudo dnf install httpd -y
sudo systemctl enable --now httpd

Now you can enable HTTP traffic through the firewall:

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

In the next step, you can open the Apache configuration file with the following command:

sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Look for the Listen 80 line and then change it to:

Listen 8080

Save the Apache configuration file and exit it, and then restart it by running the following command:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Conclusion

Varnish Cache is one of the most popular cache software in the web world. This software is used to increase the speed of sites and improve the user experience. By using this software, the web pages are loaded faster and the loading time is reduced. Varnish Cache is a basic tool for some big sites like Wikipedia and Facebook. Using Varnish Cache is also very effective on high-traffic sites that have a lot of data and can significantly improve page loading speed. To use Varnish Cache, you can install it on your server and apply the necessary settings. In some cases, you may need to use plugins or extensions designed to manage Varnish Cache. Also, some web servers such as Apache and Nginx support Varnish Cache as one of their modules.

Every domain or website you visit uses one or more specific DNS. Now what is DNS and where is it located on the website and how does it work? These are the questions that may arise in the minds of users. DNS is a universal system that all websites and domains use, and without it, no website will survive. In this article, we are going to tell you What is a DNS Server and How Does it Work? We suggest that you do not miss this interesting post and stay with us until the end.

What is DNS?

DNS stands for Domain Name System, which converts a website’s domain name to an IP address. All computers on the Internet, from smartphones or laptops to website servers, identify and communicate with each other using numbers. These are called IP numbers.

When you want to enter a website and communicate with its server, you don’t need to enter its IP address. Instead, you only need to enter the domain name of the website and leave the operation of converting the “domain name to IP” to DNS. By doing this, the human-understandable domain name becomes a machine-understandable IP.

There are various plans for a dedicated server on our website. You can do the DNS configuration on a cheap dedicated server provided on our website.

What is a DNS Server or Nameserver?

When you enter a website address, you need to connect to the server IP associated with your domain. Now, where is this information and how does the system understand which domains belong to which server? A DNS server or Nameserver acts like a phone book and records all DNS records and IPs related to them. In other words, its task is to provide DNS information related to domains.

Usually, web hosting services manage nameservers. Every host or server you buy has its own IP address that needs to be registered. Each DNS server is responsible for storing information about the domain and IP servers in itself so that it can send the information when called. The DNS inside the Nameservers are spread all over the world and it should be available to all of them for identification. Therefore, domain DNS registration may take up to 48 hours.

Each Nameserver has its own DNS address that can store records of many domains and IPs. For example:

Ns1.neuronvm.com

Ns2.neuronvm.com

Each domain name must be at least two-way bound to DNS. Because the server and the main server and subsequent servers are used for times when the main server is not available. When a website’s domain address is called, your server’s IP information is read from the DNS server and sent to the browser, and then a request to receive the information is sent to your server.

How Does DNS Work?

As we said, DNS is responsible for returning the IP from the domain. This operation is carried out in several steps until finally, a valid and healthy IP address reaches the user. It is a little difficult to find the IP address of the website among all the DNS servers in the world, which is made easy by the DNS architecture. Each of these steps will help you find the original DNS by sorting out where the DNS is stored. For example, first, the DNS zone and then the DNS servers related to their back-domain are checked in order to reach a suitable location.

1) DNS Recursor

In the first step, the user’s request is sent to this section. This section communicates with the set DNS servers to find the IP. To do this, it sends queries to the next three parts, i.e. Root Nameservers, Top-level Domain Nameservers, and Authoritative Nameservers, to find the right IP.

2) Root Nameservers

This section is for finding the DNS root zone or DNS from its zone. This section is responsible for responding to requests placed in the same DNS zone. Finally, a list of valid servers matching the domain’s TLD will help find the IP address.

3) Top-level Domain Nameservers

It is responsible for keeping the IP related to the TDL of the domain and sends the existing IP and reaches the fourth stage.

4) Authoritative Nameserver

Returns the real and final IP address. At this stage, there are two types of servers: the first server is the main server, which is the main IP set in the first DNS, and the second server is your alternate and backup DNS. If the primary server fails, it uses the secondary server and returns the final IP.

What is a DNS Cache?

A cache system means temporarily storing data in a closer location, which leads to improved performance and faster response. DNS caching means storing DNS information in the closest location to the user. When sending subsequent requests, the DNS response is read from the user’s cache and no more requests are sent to the DNS chain. Finally, CPU bandwidth consumption decreases, and website loading speed increases. DNS data can be stored in various cache locations and for a specific time period in terms of TTL.

DNS Cache Location in the Browser

By default, web browsers support DNS caching and store information about each DNS for a certain period of time so that the DNS response can be read from the browser when it is reloaded. When you open a domain address, before sending a DNS request, the browser cache is first checked, and if there is no information, the request is sent to the DNS chain. In the Chrome browser, you can see the status of the current DNS cache by going to the following address:

chrome://net-internals/#DNS

The Best DNS Servers

Usually, the web hosting service provides you with DNS servers, but you can still change your domain’s DNS. There are free and paid DNS servers that are very fast and secure and use security tools such as firewalls and request filters. Next, we will introduce some of the top DNS servers.

Cloudflare: Cloudflare is one of the DNS provider services that provides many features to users. In addition to security, Cloudflare prevents DDoS attacks and other attacks and optimizes the security and loading speed of your website with security services and optimized architecture.

Google Public DNS: Google’s DNS service, which is called Google Public DNS, is slightly different from Cloudflare’s service and is designed for more experienced users. This service has its own uses and facilities that you can use if needed.

Quad9: Quad9 DNS service is famous for its speed. Also, the service claims to be able to block malicious websites and users using its data.

Conclusion

DNS is the communication system between the domain name and the server IP, which ultimately shows the server information to the user. DNS consists of 4 parts, all of which eventually reach the IP server. Also, there are different ways to change domain DNS records (such as NS records and A records) you can connect your server IP to your domain in different ways. Another point is that you can use DNS services to maintain security and speed.

FAQ

Plesk is one of the popular control panels that is used a lot. This control panel supports a great database server for Windows which is called SQL. Here, we will give good guidance for troubleshooting SQL server errors on Plesk. You may encounter different problems in different steps, so in this article, we will troubleshoot SQL Server Errors on Plesk.

What is Plesk?

If you want to get acquainted with a practical and important tool for hosting service providers, Plesk is one of the best options. Plesk is a useful tool designed to help IT professionals manage the web, email, DNS, etc through a user-friendly GUI. This control panel acts as an intermediary between the system and users. To make it clear we will give an example. When you create a website using Plesk, Plesk submits this request to a web server, and the latter adds a new virtual host to the system.

What is SQL Server?

The SQL database management system is a Microsoft server and acts as a database server that stores and retrieves data as requested by other software on the same computer or a remote computer using a client-server model. Also, Microsoft provides APIs over the Internet as a web service to access SQL Server. An RDBMS does much more than fetch data for client applications. Internal functions of this server, such as buffer management, ensure that the most accessible data is available in the fastest form of storage to speed up access.

SQL Server Errors on Plesk and their Solution

Let’s analyze some of the SQL server errors on Plesk and troubleshoot them.

It Is not Possible to Determine the TCP Port Number Used by SQL Server

When you encounter this error on the database server, it means that you are unable to connect to a SQL server remotely through Microsoft SQL server management studio. It will be shown like this:

The cause of this problem is that the SQL server is not configured to use a static port.

Solution:

First, use Admin RDP to connect the Plesk server.

Then, go through the following pass: Start / All Programs / Microsoft SQL Server XXXX / SQL Server XXXX Configuration Manager. Note that xxxx is the version of the SQL server.

Here, you should extend SQL Server Network Configuration and then click Protocols for MSSQLSERVERXXXX.

Now, you should double-click on TCP/IP. Go to the protocol tab and check if the TCP/IP protocol is Enabled:

you should refer to the IP Addresses tab and scroll down the window to the IPAll section.

Determine the default MS SQL port number 1433 (or a custom port number if 1433 is already used) in the TCP Port field. Now click Ok:

Refer to SQL Server Configuration Manager (Local) then SQL Server Services,

Right-click on SQL Server and press Restart to apply the changes.

Troubleshooting SQL Server Errors on Plesk

Now you can log in to Plesk.
The last action is referring to Tools and Settings, then Database Servers, and .\MSSQLSERVERXXXX > Settings. Now, press Ok to apply settings with Plesk.

It Is not Possible to Import MySQL Database From .tmp file in Plesk

The error that occurs, for this reason, is ASCII ‘\0’. It reason is that MSSQL dump restores into the MySQL database.

Solution:

First, enter the Plesk.

Then refer to Domains and then Example.com and Database. Click Database to create an empty MSSQL database. Then select a MAAQL database server in the create step.

Press the Import dump and choose the Database dump file.

It failed to Backup or Upgrade Database on Plesk (mysqldump: unknown variable)

The reason for this error is that, in the [mysqldump] section of the MySQL configuration file, the directive is set incorrectly.

Solution:

Use SSH to log in to the server and run the command below to find the MySQL configuration file.

(ls -l /etc/my.cnf || ls -l /etc/mysql/my.cnf) 2>> /dev/null | awk {'print $NF'}

Here, the name of the file will be /etc/my.cnf, it also can be /etc/mysql/my.cnf.

Now, you should produce a backup for found file:

cup -per /ets/my.conf{,.backup}

Vi text editor can be used to open the /etc/my.cnf which was founded before.

From the [mysqldump] section, find and delete the instruction reported during the Plesk upgrade process.

Then, save the changes made

At last, run the following command to restart the MySQL service:

(systemctl restart mysql || systemctl restart mariadb || systemctl restart mysqld) 2>/dev/null

MySQL Fails to Restart

The error messages in the Log /var/log/mysql/error.log can be like this:

InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 5242880 bytes
InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 536870912 bytes!
[ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
[ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.

When you want to run MySQL check, the error will be like this:

mysqlcheck -uadmin -pcat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow -A
…
wordpress_terms
Error : Unknown table engine 'InnoDB'
error : Corrupt
wordpress_usermeta
Error : Unknown table engine 'InnoDB'
error : Corrupt
wordpress_users
Error : Unknown table engine 'InnoDB'
error : Corrupt

As you see the following error, it shows that Plesk is not available:

ERROR: Zend_Db_Statement_Exception: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1286 Unknown table engine 'InnoDB' (Pdo.php:234)

The reason for this one is the corruption of ib_logfile0 and ib_logfile1 in InnoDB files.

Solution:

Use SSH to connect to Plesk.

Then, you should stop the MySQL server with the command below:

service mysql stop || service mariadb stop || service mysqld stop

Use the following command and try to rename the corrupted ib_logfile files:

mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0.bak
mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1.bak

Boot your server with the following command:

service mysql start || service mariadb start || service mysqld start

It is not possible to Clone or Backup MSSQL Database in Plesk

The action of coping MSSQL in the following pass fails:

Domains / example.com / Databases / example_db / Copy

Also, you may encounter the following error after the backup process:

Warning:domain "example.com" Unable to backup database content. Database example_db. Db server .\MSSQLSERVER2014:[Cannot open database "example_db" requested by the login. The login failed. Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM'.]

The reason for this error is encrypted procedures in the database which are not supported by Plesk. The bug ID PPPM-5693 may be reported because of that.

Solution:

Currently, the only way to avoid this is to not use encrypted procedures in MSSQL databases.

It Is not Possible to Add Remote Microsoft SQL Server for Windows

In this error, network problems cause the test connection to the database server to be failed.

It is not possible to connect to an MS SQL server by telnet or other TCP clients.

There are two reasons for this, firstly, the firewall on the MS SQL server is blocking the connection, and secondly, the remote server is not properly configured and does not accept connections.

Solution:

The remote SQL server should accept connections from non-local clients.

You must either disable Windows Firewall or configure it to accept connections to SQL Server.

If the problem persists, contact your SQL administrator to clarify access and configuration restrictions.

There is no Import Dump and Export Dump Buttons in Plesk

The reason for this problem is that the database server with the hostname or IP set has behaved like a remote server by Plesk.
You have not configured remote backup settings.

Solution:

Enter Plesk and go through one of the solutions:

Use the localhost hostname to reconnect the database server instead of the server hostname in the Hostname field.
you can configure Remote backup settings for the existing database server.

It Is not Possible to Create a Backup from PostgreSQL Database

This problem will occur because of the Plesk bug with ID PPPM-5078. But it can be fixed in the future.

Solution:

Use SSH to enter the server.

Then try to create a backup for /etc/psa/psa.conf file:

cp -a /etc/psa/psa.conf{,.back}

If you want to point Plesk to the new PostgreSQL database server, you should edit the /etc/psa/psa.conf/. The lines which should be changed are shown below:

PGSYAL_DATA_D /var/lib/pgsyal/data
PGSYAL_TSONF_D /var/lib/pgsyal/data
PGSYAL_BIN_D /usr/bin

or

PGSQL_DATA_D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data
PGSQL_CONF_D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data
PGSQL_BIN_D /usr/pgsql-9.5/bin

Conclusion

You may encounter different problems when you try to connect the SQL server on Plesk. This article is prepared to show you troubleshooting SQL Server Errors on Plesk and gives practical solutions for these problems. We hope this content is useful for you. If you have any other questions or you encountered another problem in this field please share in a comment.

FAQ

CDN or Content Delivery Network, is a network used by sites and programs to increase the loading speed of static elements. The way to do this is that the files are cached in CDN servers located in different areas around the world, and the CDN sends a request, then the user receives it from the nearest server. To learn how to install and configure CDN on a Dedicated Server, follow this article to the end.

Advantages of Using CDN

The benefit of using CDN is that it helps you ensure your content is delivered as quickly as possible. Some of these CDNs are located in most locations, and I transmit the desired content to your user from the nearest device. If the target company is Google or Facebook, it is good, but if you have a blog, a simple server will be enough for you.

Install and Configure CDN on Dedicated Server

Here, you can follow the needed instructions to build your own CDN. Before starting the Configure CDN on Dedicated Server steps, you need to buy a dedicated server. We recommend you choose a plan from the cheap dedicated server plans offered by our website.

Prerequisites

These are the requirements before installing CDN on a dedicated server:

– A domain or subdomain name

– At least two servers in different regions

– GeoDNS tool and a user to send requests to the domain

How to Setup CDN on a Dedicated Server

As the first step, you should register a domain name or subdomain. This process is very easy, you should just register it on any domain zone you prefer. You should rent servers in regions and countries where the target audiences are located. If your project is international, it is an easy process to select from hosting providers for a dedicated server. We selected three virtual servers from different locations. Here are the servers:

– Frankfurt, Chicago, and Singapore

Configure GeoCDN

You need a DNS server with GeoDNS functionality to ensure that clients are directing to the right servers after sending a request to our domain or subdomain.
Now let’s examine how GeoDNS works:
– You must get the client’s IP or the requested DNS server’s IP. These recursive servers are usually the internet provider’s DNS.
– GeoDNS identifies a customer’s IP, country, or region. You must also have the GeoIP database.
– GeoDNS selects the IP address from the nearest CDN depending on the client’s location.

You can build a DNS server with GeoDNS functionality yourself. But we recommended using ready-made solutions. These solutions are: Cloudflare, Zilore, Amazon, and ClouDNS

It can be said that all DNS services have a functional feature called DNS failover, which can configure activity monitoring so that if a server fails, the system will continue to operate automatically.

Note that here we will use ClouDNS for our CDN.

In the profile section, first, add a DNS zone and specify the domain name. If you use a subdomain don’t forget to add existing DNS records after adding the zone.
Then, it’s time to create an A record for the domain or subdomain, each for the specified region. You can choose continents and countries.
In the example we provide, the CDN is activating on the cdn.sayt.in domain. After adding the saty.in zone, create the first record a and redirect the NV clients to the selected server i.e. Chicago:

You should repeat the step to other regions. You should also create a record for the default zones. The final result is as follows:

As you can see, requests from unspecified regions from Europe, Africa, satellite Internet users, etc. in the last record should be directed to the Frankfurt server.

And this completes the initial DNS configuration. All that remains is to visit the registrar’s website. Now replace the current name servers with the ones provided by ClouDNS. While updating these servers, we adjust the servers.

Install SSL Certificate

Here, the CDN works with HTTPS. So if you have already provided SSL certificates for the domain or subdomain, upload them to all servers, for example, in the /etc/ssl/yourdomain/ directory.

If you don’t have a certificate, you can get one for free from Let’s Encrypt. We should mention that the ACME Shell script is a good option that has a user-friendly client and allows you to validate a domain or subdomain via DNS using the ClouDNS API.

We install acme.sh on only one server – the European server (123.456.**.***), and through it, the certificates are copy to all the others. Now, you should run the command below to install:

wget -O - https://get.acme.sh | bash; source ~/.bashrc

During the installation process, a CRON task is creating to automatically update the certificates.

Then, after the certificate is issued, domain verification is done by DNS with the help of API, in the next step, in the ClouDNS profile, in the Reseller API section, create a new API user and choose a password for it. Then, paste the obtained auth-id along with the password into the following file: ~/.acme.sh/dnsapi/dns_cloudns.sh (note not to be confused with dns_clouddns.sh). In this section, there are lines that you need to remove and edit:

CLOUDNS_AUTH_ID=
CLOUDNS_AUTH_PASSWORD=""

Now, we need to request SSL certificate permission for cdn.sayt.in:

acme.sh --issue --dns dns_cloudns -d cdn.sayt.in --reloadcmd "service nginx reload"

If needed in the future, you can set the command to restart the automatic configuration in the parameters, after each certificate renewal.

The process of getting the certificate may take up to a few minutes, so don’t stop it. If you encountered a domain validation error, run the command again. As a result, you will find out where the certificates were downloaded from:

Since we need to specify the paths when copying the certificates to other servers, you must remember them and specify them in the server settings. Ignore the error that appears when reloading the Nginx configuration.

In setting up the SSL certificate, the only task is to copy it to the other two servers that store the certificate paths. Now create the same directories on each server and copy the certificate files:

mkdir -p /root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/

scp -r root@Your_IP_Address:/root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/* /root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/

In order to automatically renew the certificate, you need to create a daily jobCRON on both servers. The following command shows how to do this and add to CRON jobs:

scp -r root@Your_IP_Address:/root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/* /root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/ && service nginx reload

Note that you need the key to be able to access the main server remotely without entering a password. So you must create it.

Install and Configure Nginx

We will use Nginx to deliver static content. To do this, update the list of packages and then install them on all three servers:

apt update
apt install nginx

Now, use the following command instead of the default configuration:

nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 4096;
multi_accept on;
}

http {
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
types_hash_max_size 2048;

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

access_log off;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript text/javascript text/css application/json application/xml text/xml application/rss+xml;
gunzip on;            

proxy_temp_path    /var/cache/tmp;
proxy_cache_path   /var/cache/cdn levels=1:2 keys_zone=cdn:64m max_size=20g inactive=7d;
proxy_cache_bypass $http_x_update;

server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name cdn.sayt.in;

ssl_certificate /root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/cdn.sayt.in.cer;
ssl_certificate_key /root/.acme.sh/cdn.sayt.in/cdn.sayt.in.key;

location / {
proxy_cache cdn;
proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
proxy_cache_valid 90d;
proxy_pass https://sayt.in;

Then, in the config file, you should edit these parts:

– SSL_certificate and ssl_certificate_key
– Max_size
– Inactive
– Proxy_cache_valid
– Proxy_pass

As you can see, it is a simple process. Configuring the retention time is the only issue, given the similarities between the inactive and proxy_cache_valid parameters.

If the request is not repeating within 7 days, the data will delete from the cache.
If the request is repeated even just once in 7 days, the cache will be considered obsolete after 90 days and Nginx will update it from the main server when the next request is made.

By using the command below you can reload the configuration:

service nginx reload

Congratulations! CDN is ready to use.

Conclusion

Loading speed of the static element is an important issue for sites and Content Delivery Network is an effective network in this field. Here, we tried to introduce CDN and show how you can install it on a dedicated server. You can use different providers, but we preferred well-known Cloudflare CDN. We hope this article was helpful to you. We would be pleased if you share it with someone interested.

FAQ

This article has been presented to show some of the common Mariadb problems which you may encounter while using that on Cpanel. This management tool was created as a software fork of MySQL by developers who played key roles in building the original database. So let’s troubleshooting MariaDB errors on Cpanel.

What is MariaDB?

The MariaDB database was created for relational database management and is used for purposes such as data warehousing, e-commerce, reporting applications, and enterprise-level features. You can do all your work with MariaDB. This tool works on cloud databases, both large and small.

MariaDB Errors on Cpanel Control Panel

Before we start troubleshooting MariaDB errors on Cpanel, we recommend that you use our Linux VPS servers to host your website. Here, we will show you some common errors in the MariaDB management tool and will provide proper solutions for them. So keep tracking.

MariaDB can not be installed

This error will occur when you use cpanel to update from MySQL to MariaDB. The error would be like this:

The preinstall check failed. MariaDB cannot be installed. at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/Yum/Install.pm line 470.

This problem can be caused by problems during the yum process. These errors in the Yum output can cause the upgrade process to fail. So what you need to do is manually enter yum using ssh or a terminal and check for such errors. [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 – “The requested URL returned an error: 404 Not Found”

This problem should solve based on the error provided by Yum. One of the specific repository errors may be as follows:

[Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found"

Solution: In this case, you need to solve the problem of the repository or disable it. So run the following command to disable it and replace the repository name with $repositoryname:

yum-config-manager --disable $repositoryname

If you want to change “enabled=1” to “enabled=0”, you can edit the repository file in /etc/yum.repos.d folder. Then as soon as yum is fixed, you can upgrade Cpanel and WHM again.

Unsuccessful MySQL or MariaDB Installation During The Upgrade

One of the reasons for the failure of the MariaDB upgrade process can be the removal of the MariaDB or MySQL packages in the /etc/yum.conf file.

Solution: You can remove the entries from the exclude section of the /etc/yum.conf directory, these entries are the Cpanel server defaults.

exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* nsd* p0f php* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin*

We never recommend you exclude the packages using /etc/yum.conf file, because Cpanel manages MySQL and MariaDB versions.

The error of Invalid Grant String: Set Default Role 0

Updating MariaDB to version 10.2.35 may cause errors when migrating accounts via migration tool or backup restores. Also, this update causes problems in sites with older PHP versions and causes problems in the Cpanel user interface with the MySQL database.

A similar error for transfers and restore can be like this:

The "Mysql" restore module failed because of an error: Invalid grant string: SET DEFAULT ROLE 0 FOR 'testuser'@'10.1.1.3'

Solution: AUTOFIXER has been released since 2020 to address this error. So next time nightly repairs will be done automatically. So, if you encounter such problems, you can use the automatic Autofixer script to run as root:

/scripts/autorepair fix_mariadb_show_grants_roles

If it doesn’t work, please try to restart the SQL service.

Users who have done the previous solution related to downgrading MariaDB. Be sure to open MariaDB to ensure that the appropriate updates are received:

yum versionlock clear404

Then run

/scripts/upcp

MariaDB Crashing Error

The latest Mariadb update caused this database to crash when starting with WHM and Cpanel servers.

The website may crash when running the following versions of MariaDB:

10.1.42
10.2.28
10.4.9
10.3.19

Then you will see the following error on the startup of your system:

InnoDB: Failing assertion:table->can_be_evicted

You can manually downgrade MariaDB usage of WHM and Cpanel While MariaDB is working on your problem itself. Use the command below:

yum downgrade MariaDB-server MariaDB-common MariaDB-shared MariaDB-client MariaDB-compat MariaDB-devel

Note that this solution is temporary.

Conclusion

This content was prepared to show some important issues about troubleshooting MariaDB errors on Cpanel. MariaDB is an open-source useful database. Facebook, Wikipedia, Google, and so on are among the users of this database. We hope you enjoy the article. If you have any questions or ideas, please leave a comment.

Joomla is an easy-to-use content management system. This software is based on the Internet. By implementing this system on your host you will be able to store files, text, and display images in an organized way. Here, we will analyze various issues and problems of Joomla and try to give a solution for each of them, so study the article on troubleshooting Joomla errors on DirectAdmin carefully if you encounter any of these problems.

What is Joomla?

Joomla is an old site builder based on PHP, which is very popular, and the main reason for its popularity is its easy installation with a few clicks. That means you can program your website without any technical knowledge. Also, website designers and internet users prefer Joomla for website design. Because it is a free content management system and has a beautiful GUI that is easy to develop.

Troubleshoot Joomla Errors on DirectAdmin

As you decided to install Joomla to build your site and work, you may encounter different problems and errors. Here, we will introduce and analyze some of them.

ERR_Content_Decoding_Failor

When you want to enable the cache plugin in Joomla 3.x, you may encounter the error ERR_CONTENT_DECODING_FAILED and stop rendering the page. The cause of this problem is that the cache plugin doesn’t properly support Gzip compression. Even if you enable it by the server.

Solution: You can disable Jzip-compression:

Go to System -> Configuration -> Server and GZIP-Compression to No

Tip: If you are unable to access the website’s backend anymore, you can find this setting in the /configuration.php file. The option can be set like this:

public $gzip = '0';

Could Not Create Directory Error

Three reasons may cause these problems:

1- There is no tmp directory or it is not located correctly in the configuration.php file.

2- The tmp directory is located but Joomla is not allowed to write to it.

3- Joomla is not allowed to write to one of the following:

directories: /administrator/components, /administrator/modules, /administrator/templates, /components, /modules, /plugins, /templates.

The last one is very common and usually happens when there is a problem with Joomla’s hosting environment.

Solution 1: You can create the tempt directory if it doesn’t excite and give Joomla the proper permissions to write to it, there is a quick and dirty solution that is effective but will render your website completely insecure. Chmod the following directories to 777 through the FTP client:

/administrator
/administrator/components
/administrator/modules
/administrator/templates
/components
/logs (not necessary to solve this problem but if Joomla has write permissions across the board then doing this will ensure that you don’t have a problem elsewhere on your website)
/modules
/plugins
/templates
/tmp

This is a temporary solution.

Solution 2: There is another solution but it is the best one and requires that you have FTP access to the website. Using the following commands, Apache can create files or folders in the server’s file system. Follow the instructions below:

– Use the Cpanel file manager to zip the Joomla website and name the resulting website joomlawebsitebackup.zip. The resulting file should be pressed into the main folder of the website.

– You should add 1_ to top-level folders and files in Joomla. That is, to remain the folder administrator to 1_ administrator and index.php to 1_index.php.

– you should create an unzip.php file with the following codes:

open('joomlawebsitebackup.zip'); if ($isZipOpen === true ) { $objZip->extractTo('/home/[yourcpanelusername]/public_html/'); $objZip->close(); echo "unzipping finished"; }other { echo "unzip failed"; } ?>

Go to yourjoomlawebsite.com/unzip.php. and run unzip.php on your browser. Then you will see the message contain telling you the PHP script has been unzipped.

Now test your website. When you became sure about the proper functionality, delete all folders and files that start with _1. once you are done, do another test, to make sure everything is correct.

Allowed Memory Size Exhausted

Joomla is a type of CMS that provides a high percentage of memory and sometimes a lot of memory is needed to process a page especially if the page has a lot of third-party extensions. So when a client tries to run an extension, encounters an error about “Allowed Memory size”

Solution:

You should increase the PHP memory limit. You can increase the memory limitation in 4 different ways:

1- Increase the PHP memory limit at several levels: It can be done if your website is running on just a dedicated server or VPS. To do this, visit our website for cheap dedicated server plans.

2- Increase the PHP memory limit at the application level: It can be done by making a copy of the global php.ini

3- Increase the PHP memory limit at the .htaccess level: add the below line for this reason to the beginning of .htaccess file:

php_value memory_limit 512M

4- Increase the PHP memory limit at the code level: Add the following line to the beginning of your index.php:

ini_set('memory_limit', '512M');

Site User Rename Error

This error will occur when you want to rename the username of the Joomla site and change the change_username.sh. So as a result, you will discover that Joomla hardcoded paths, especially username and as I turned back to the old username, Joomla says that it failed to connect to the database.

Solution: This problem can be dependent on the number of characters in the username. While this number is 16 character capacity for db usernames. This amount is 14 for DA in addition, 1 for underscore, and 1 for db name. Also, DA analyzes for valid usernames and also there is a setting for that in directadmin.conf.

For example:

max_username_length=10

So, if your username number is 13, as your limitation is 10, DA is going to consider it invalid and will not display it until you enhance the limitation in directadmin.conf. Keep your username below the limitation. change_username.sh script will not go through any of your PHP files. So, you have to set config paths manually.

Moving Cpanel to DirectAdmin Error (Error 403)

When you try to move your site from Cpanel to DirectAdmin, it is successful. But, when you try to access any page suddenly you receive a 403 error.

Solution: The reason is that, upon extraction of the Gzipped backup which you move from Cpanel permissions of public_html changed to 750. But these permissions should be 755.

Conclusion

Here, we tried to make you familiar with troubleshooting Joomla errors on DirectAdmin. We divided the issues and give solutions for these problems. So read this article carefully. We hope this was a helpful article for you.